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Add guide to implementing new cryptographic mechanisms

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Add a check list with what typically needs to be done when adding a new
algorithm, key type or operation. There are a few explanations but this is
primarily intended as a list of places to look and not as a detailed
explanation of exactly what to do.

Signed-off-by: Gilles Peskine <Gilles.Peskine@arm.com>
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Gilles Peskine 2022-06-09 17:35:03 +02:00
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docs/architecture/psa-crypto-implementation-structure.md
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@ -71,3 +71,105 @@ In case of any error occurring at step 3 or 4, psa_fail_key_creation() is called
A driver of the Mbed TLS PSA Cryptography API implementation (Mbed TLS PSA driver in the following) is a driver in the sense that it is compliant with the PSA driver interface specification. But it is not an actual driver that drives some hardware. It implements cryptographic operations purely in software.
An Mbed TLS PSA driver C file is named psa_crypto_<driver_name>.c and its associated header file psa_crypto_<driver_name>.h. The functions implementing a driver entry point as defined in the PSA driver interface specification are named as mbedtls_psa_<driver name>_<entry point>(). As an example, the psa_crypto_rsa.c and psa_crypto_rsa.h are the files containing the Mbed TLS PSA driver implementing RSA cryptographic operations. This RSA driver implements among other entry points the "import_key" entry point. The function implementing this entry point is named mbedtls_psa_rsa_import_key().
## How to implement a new cryptographic mechanism
Summary of files to modify when adding a new algorithm or key type:
* [ ] PSA Crypto API draft, if not already done — [PSA standardization](#psa-standardization)
* [ ] `include/psa/crypto_values.h` or `include/psa/crypto_extra.h` — [New functions and macros](#new-functions-and-macros)
* [ ] `include/psa/crypto_config.h`, `tests/include/test/drivers/crypto_config_test_driver_extension.h` — [Preprocessor symbols](#preprocessor-symbols)
* Occasionally `library/check_crypto_config.h` — [Preprocessor symbols](#preprocessor-symbols)
* [ ] `include/mbedtls/config_psa.h` — [Preprocessor symbols](#preprocessor-symbols)
* [ ] `library/psa_crypto.c`, `library/psa_crypto_*.[hc]` — [Implementation of the mechanisms](#implementation-of-the-mechanisms)
* [ ] `include/psa/crypto_builtin_*.h` — [Translucent data structures](#translucent-data-structures)
* [ ] `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_metadata.data` — [New functions and macros](#new-functions-and-macros)
* (If adding `PSA_IS_xxx`) `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_metadata.function` — [New functions and macros](#new-functions-and-macros)
* [ ] `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto*.data`, `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto*.function` — [Unit tests](#unit-tests)
* [ ] `scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py`, `scripts/mbedtls_dev/asymmetric_key_data.py` — [Unit tests](#unit-tests)
* [ ] `ChangeLog.d/*.txt` — changelog entry
Summary of files to modify when adding new API functions:
* [ ] `include/psa/crypto.h` and `include/psa/crypto_sizes.h`, or `include/psa/crypto_extra.h` — [New functions and macros](#new-functions-and-macros)
* [ ] `library/psa_crypto.c`, `scripts/data_files/driver_templates/*.jinja` — [Implementation of the mechanisms](#implementation-of-the-mechanisms)
* [ ] If adding stateful functions: `include/psa/crypto_struct.h`, `include/psa/crypto_builtin_*.h`, `include/psa/crypto_driver_contexts_*.h` — [Translucent data structures](#translucent-data-structures)
* [ ] `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto.data`, `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto.function`, `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_driver_wrappers.*` — [Unit tests](#unit-tests)
Note that this is just a basic guide. In some cases, you won't need to change all the files listed here. In some cases, you may need to change other files.
### PSA standardization
Typically, if there's enough demand for a cryptographic mechanism in Mbed TLS, there's enough demand for it to be part of the official PSA Cryptography specification. Therefore the first step before implementing a new mechanism should be to approach the PSA Cryptography working group in Arm for standardization.
At the time of writing, all cryptographic mechanisms that are accessible through `psa_xxx` APIs in in Mbed TLS are current or upcoming PSA standards. Mbed TLS implements some extensions to the PSA API that offer extra integration customization or extra key policies.
Mbed TLS routinely implements cryptographic mechanisms that are not yet part of a published PSA standard, but that are scheduled to be part of a future version of the standard. The Mbed TLS implementation validates the feasibility of the upcoming PSA standard. The PSA Cryptography working group and the Mbed TLS development team communicate during the elaboration of the new interfaces.
### New functions and macros
If a mechanism requires new functions, they should follow the design guidelines in the PSA Cryptography API specification.
Functions that are part of the current or upcoming API are declared in `include/psa/crypto.h`, apart from structure accessors defined in `include/psa/crypto_struct.h`. Functions that have output buffers have associated sufficient-output-size macros in `include/psa/crypto_sizes.h`.
Constants (algorithm identifiers, key type identifiers, etc.) and associated desctructor macros (e.g. `PSA_IS_xxx()`) are defined in `include/psa/crypto_values.h`.
Functions and macros that are not intended for standardization, or that are at a stage where the draft standard might still evolve significantly, are declared in `include/psa/crypto_extra.h`.
The PSA Cryptography API specification defines both names and values for certain kinds of constants: algorithms (`PSA_ALG_xxx`), key types (`PSA_KEY_TYPE_xxx`), ECC curve families (`PSA_ECC_FAMILY_xxx`), DH group families (`PSA_DH_FAMILY_xxx`). If Mbed TLS defines an algorithm or a key type that is not part of a current or upcoming PSA standard, pick a value with the `VENDOR` flag set. If Mbed TLS defines an ECC curve or DH group family that is not part of a current or upcoming PSA standard, define a vendor key type and use the family identifier only with this vendor key type.
New constants must have a test case in `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_metadata.data` that verifies that `PSA_IS_xxx` macros behave properly with the new constant. New `PSA_IS_xxx` macros must be declared in `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_metadata.function`.
### Preprocessor symbols
Each cryptographic mechanism is optional and can be selected by the application at build time. For each feature `PSA_ttt_xxx`:
* The feature is available to applications when the preprocessor symbol `PSA_WANT_ttt_xxx` is defined. These symbols are set:
* If `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG` is enabled: based on the available mechanisms in Mbed TLS, deduced from `mbedtls/mbedtls_config.h` by code in `include/mbedtls/config_psa.h`.
* if `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG` is enabled: in the application configuration file `include/psa/crypto_config.h` (or `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_CONFIG_FILE`, plus `MBEDTLS_PSA_CRYPTO_USER_CONFIG_FILE`), with code in `include/mbedtls/config_psa.h` deducing the necessary underlying `MBEDTLS_xxx` symbols.
* For transparent keys (keys that are not in a secure element), the feature is implemented by Mbed TLS if `MBEDTLS_PSA_BUILTIN_ttt_xxx` is defined, and by an accelerator driver if `MBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ttt_xxx` is defined. `MBEDTLS_PSA_BUILTIN_ttt_xxx` constants are set in `include/mbedtls/config_psa.h` based on the application requests `PSA_WANT_ttt_xxx` and the accelerator driver declarations `MBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_ttt_xxx`.
* For the testing of the driver dispatch code, `tests/include/test/drivers/crypto_config_test_driver_extension.h` sets additional `MBEDTLS_PSA_ACCEL_xxx` symbols.
For more details, see *[Conditional inclusion of cryptographic mechanism through the PSA API in Mbed TLS](../proposed/psa-conditional-inclusion-c.html)*.
Some mechanisms require other mechanisms. For example, you can't do GCM without a block cipher, or RSA-PSS without RSA keys. When mechanism A requires mechanism B, `include/mbedtls/config_psa.h` ensures that B is enabled whenever A is enabled. When mechanism A requires at least one of a set {B1, B2, B3, ...} but there is no particular reason why enabling A would enable any of the specific Bi's, it's up to the application to choose Bi's and the file `library/check_crypto_config.h` contains compile-time constraints to ensure that at least one Bi is enabled.
### Implementation of the mechanisms
The general structure of a cryptographic operation function is:
1. API function defined in `library/psa_crypto.c`. The entry point performs generic checks that don't depend on whether the mechanism is implemented in software or in a driver and looks up keys in the key store.
2. Driver dispatch code in `scripts/data_files/driver_templates/psa_crypto_driver_wrappers.c.jinja` or files included from there.
3. Built-in implementation in `library/psa_crypto_*.c` (with function declarations in the corresponding `.h` file). These files typically contain the implementation of modes of operation over basic building blocks that are defined elsewhere. For example, HMAC is implemented in `library/psa_crypto_mac.c` but the underlying hash functions are implemented in `library/sha*.c` and `library/md*.c`.
4. Basic cryptographic building blocks in `library/*.c`.
When implementing a new algorithm or key type, there are typically things to change in `library/crypto.c` (e.g. buffer size calculations, algorithm/key-type compatibility) and in the built-in implementation, but not in the driver dispatch code.
### Translucent data structures
Some mechanisms require state to be kept between function calls. Keys and key-like data is kept in the key store, which PSA manages internally. Other state, for example the state of multipart operations, is kept in structures allocated by the caller.
The size of operation structures needs to be known at compile time, since callers may allocate them on the stack. Therefore these structures are defined in a public header: `include/psa/crypto_struct.h` for the parts that are independent of the underlying implementation, `include/psa/crypto_builtin_*` for parts that are specific to the Mbed TLS built-in implementation, `include/psa/crypto_driver_*.h` for structures implemented by drivers.
### Unit tests
A number of unit tests are automatically generated by `tests/scripts/generate_psa_tests.py` based on the algorithms and key types declared in `include/psa/crypto_values.h` and `include/psa/crypto_extra.h`:
* Attempt to create a key with a key type that is not supported.
* Attempt to perform an operation with a combination of key type and algorithm that is not valid or not supported.
* Storage and retrieval of a persistent key.
When adding a new key type or algorithm:
* `scripts/mbedtls_dev/crypto_knowledge.py` contains knowledge about the compatibility of key types, key sizes and algorithms.
* `scripts/mbedtls_dev/asymmetric_key_data.py` contains valid key data for asymmetric key types.
Other things need to be tested manually, either in `tests/suites/test_sutie_psa_crypto.data` or in another file. For example (this is not an exhaustive list):
* Known answer tests.
* Potential edge cases (e.g. data less/equal/more than the block size, number equal to zero in asymmetric cryptography).
* Tests with invalid keys (e.g. wrong size or format).
* Tests with invalid data (e.g. wrong size or format, output buffer too small, invalid padding).
* For new functions: incorrect function call sequence, driver dispatch (in `tests/suites/test_suite_psa_crypto_driver_wrappers.*`).
* For key derivation algorithms: variation on the sequence of input steps, variation on the output size.