/**
 * pcapif.c - This file is part of lwIP pcapif
 *
 ****************************************************************************
 *
 * This file is derived from an example in lwIP with the following license:
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2001, Swedish Institute of Computer Science.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 3. Neither the name of the Institute nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE INSTITUTE AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE INSTITUTE OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

/* include the port-dependent configuration */
#include "lwipcfg.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#pragma warning( push, 3 )
#include "pcap.h"
#pragma warning ( pop )
#else
/* e.g. mingw */
#define _MSC_VER 1500
#include "pcap.h"
#undef _MSC_VER
#endif

#include "lwip/opt.h"

#if LWIP_ETHERNET

#include "pcapif.h"

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "lwip/debug.h"

#include "lwip/def.h"
#include "lwip/mem.h"
#include "lwip/pbuf.h"
#include "lwip/stats.h"
#include "lwip/sys.h"
#include "lwip/ip.h"
#include "lwip/snmp.h"
#include "lwip/tcpip.h"
#include "lwip/timeouts.h"
#include "lwip/ethip6.h"

#include "lwip/etharp.h"

/* For compatibility with old pcap */
#ifndef PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS
#define PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS     1
#endif

/** Set this to 0 to receive all multicast ethernet destination addresses */
#ifndef PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES
#define PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES 1
#endif

/** Set this to 1 to receive all frames (also unicast to other addresses)
 * In this mode, filtering out our own tx packets from loopback receiving
 * is done via matching rx against recent tx (memcmp).
 */
#ifndef PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
#define PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS    0
#endif

/* Define those to better describe your network interface.
   For now, we use 'e0', 'e1', 'e2' and so on */
#define IFNAME0                       'e'
#define IFNAME1                       '0'

/** index of the network adapter to use for lwIP */
#ifndef PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_NR
#define PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_NR         0
#endif

/** If 1, check link state and report it to lwIP.
 *  If 0, don't check link state (lwIP link state is always UP).
 */
#ifndef PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
#define PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE       1
#endif

/** If 1, use PBUF_REF for RX (for testing purposes mainly).
 * For this, LWIP_SUPPORT_CUSTOM_PBUF must be enabled.
 * Also, PBUF_POOL_BUFSIZE must be set high enough to ensure all rx packets
 * fit into a single pbuf.
 */
#ifndef PCAPIF_RX_REF
#define PCAPIF_RX_REF                 0
#endif

/** This can be used when netif->state is used for something else in your
 * application (e.g. when wrapping a class around this interface). Just
 * make sure this define returns the state pointer set by
 * pcapif_low_level_init() (e.g. by using an offset or a callback).
 */
#ifndef PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR
#define PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif)   ((netif)->state)
#endif

/** Define this to 1 to allocate readonly pbufs for RX (needs PCAPIF_RX_REF,
 * only implemented for windows, for now)
 */
#ifndef PCAPIF_RX_READONLY
#define PCAPIF_RX_READONLY            0
#endif

#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
#include "pcapif_helper.h"

/* Define "PHY" delay when "link up" */
#ifndef PCAPIF_LINKUP_DELAY
#define PCAPIF_LINKUP_DELAY           0
#endif

#define PCAPIF_LINKCHECK_INTERVAL_MS 500

/* link state notification macro */
#if PCAPIF_LINKUP_DELAY
#define PCAPIF_NOTIFY_LINKSTATE(netif, linkfunc) sys_timeout(PCAPIF_LINKUP_DELAY, (sys_timeout_handler)linkfunc, netif)
#else /* PHY_LINKUP_DELAY */
#define PCAPIF_NOTIFY_LINKSTATE(netif, linkfunc) linkfunc(netif)
#endif /* PHY_LINKUP_DELAY */

#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */

/* Define PCAPIF_RX_LOCK_LWIP and PCAPIF_RX_UNLOCK_LWIP if you need to lock the lwIP core
   before/after pbuf_alloc() or netif->input() are called on RX. */
#ifndef PCAPIF_RX_LOCK_LWIP
#define PCAPIF_RX_LOCK_LWIP()
#endif
#ifndef PCAPIF_RX_UNLOCK_LWIP
#define PCAPIF_RX_UNLOCK_LWIP()
#endif

#define ETH_MIN_FRAME_LEN      60U
#define ETH_MAX_FRAME_LEN      1518U

#define ADAPTER_NAME_LEN       128
#define ADAPTER_DESC_LEN       128

#if PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
#ifndef PCAPIF_LOOPBACKFILTER_NUM_TX_PACKETS
#define PCAPIF_LOOPBACKFILTER_NUM_TX_PACKETS  128
#endif
struct pcapipf_pending_packet {
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *next;
  u16_t len;
  u8_t data[ETH_MAX_FRAME_LEN];
};
#endif /* PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */

/* Packet Adapter information */
struct pcapif_private {
  void            *input_fn_arg;
  pcap_t          *adapter;
  char             name[ADAPTER_NAME_LEN];
  char             description[ADAPTER_DESC_LEN];
  int              shutdown_called;
#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
  volatile int     rx_run;
  volatile int     rx_running;
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD */
#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
  struct pcapifh_linkstate *link_state;
  enum pcapifh_link_event last_link_event;
#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */
#if PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet packets[PCAPIF_LOOPBACKFILTER_NUM_TX_PACKETS];
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *tx_packets;
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *free_packets;
#endif /* PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */
};

#if PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
static void
pcapif_init_tx_packets(struct pcapif_private *priv)
{
  int i;
  priv->tx_packets = NULL;
  priv->free_packets = NULL;
  for (i = 0; i < PCAPIF_LOOPBACKFILTER_NUM_TX_PACKETS; i++) {
    struct pcapipf_pending_packet *pack = &priv->packets[i];
    pack->len = 0;
    pack->next = priv->free_packets;
    priv->free_packets = pack;
  }
}

static void
pcapif_add_tx_packet(struct pcapif_private *priv, unsigned char *buf, u16_t tot_len)
{
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *tx;
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *pack;
  SYS_ARCH_DECL_PROTECT(lev);

  /* get a free packet (locked) */
  SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
  pack = priv->free_packets;
  if ((pack == NULL) && (priv->tx_packets != NULL)) {
    /* no free packets, reuse the oldest */
    pack = priv->tx_packets;
    priv->tx_packets = pack->next;
  }
  LWIP_ASSERT("no free packet", pack != NULL);
  priv->free_packets = pack->next;
  pack->next = NULL;
  SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);

  /* set up the packet (unlocked) */
  pack->len = tot_len;
  memcpy(pack->data, buf, tot_len);

  /* put the packet on the list (locked) */
  SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
  if (priv->tx_packets != NULL) {
    for (tx = priv->tx_packets; tx->next != NULL; tx = tx->next);
    LWIP_ASSERT("bug", tx != NULL);
    tx->next = pack;
  } else {
    priv->tx_packets = pack;
  }
  SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);
}

static int
pcapif_compare_packets(struct pcapipf_pending_packet *pack, const void *packet, int packet_len)
{
  if (pack->len == packet_len) {
    if (!memcmp(pack->data, packet, packet_len)) {
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

static int
pcaipf_is_tx_packet(struct netif *netif, const void *packet, int packet_len)
{
  struct pcapif_private *priv = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);
  struct pcapipf_pending_packet *iter, *last;
  SYS_ARCH_DECL_PROTECT(lev);

  last = priv->tx_packets;
  if (last == NULL) {
    /* list is empty */
    return 0;
  }
  /* compare the first packet */
  if (pcapif_compare_packets(last, packet, packet_len)) {
    SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
    LWIP_ASSERT("list has changed", last == priv->tx_packets);
    priv->tx_packets = last->next;
    last->next = priv->free_packets;
    priv->free_packets = last;
    last->len = 0;
    SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);
    return 1;
  }
  SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
  for (iter = last->next; iter != NULL; last = iter, iter = iter->next) {
    /* unlock while comparing (this works because we have a clean threading separation
       of adding and removing items and adding is only done at the end) */
    SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);
    if (pcapif_compare_packets(iter, packet, packet_len)) {
      SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
      LWIP_ASSERT("last != NULL", last != NULL);
      last->next = iter->next;
      iter->next = priv->free_packets;
      priv->free_packets = iter;
      last->len = 0;
      SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);
      return 1;
    }
    SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
  }
  SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);
  return 0;
}
#else /* PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */
#define pcapif_init_tx_packets(priv)
#define pcapif_add_tx_packet(priv, buf, tot_len)
static int
pcaipf_is_tx_packet(struct netif *netif, const void *packet, int packet_len)
{
  const struct eth_addr *src = (const struct eth_addr *)packet + 1;
  if (packet_len >= (ETH_HWADDR_LEN * 2)) {
    /* Don't let feedback packets through (limitation in winpcap?) */
    if(!memcmp(src, netif->hwaddr, ETH_HWADDR_LEN)) {
      return 1;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}
#endif /* PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */

#if PCAPIF_RX_REF
struct pcapif_pbuf_custom
{
   struct pbuf_custom pc;
#if PCAPIF_RX_READONLY
   void *ro_mem;
#else
   struct pbuf* p;
#endif
};
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_REF */

/* Forward declarations. */
static void pcapif_input(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *pkt_header, const u_char *packet);

#ifdef PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS
/** Get the index of an adapter by its network address
 *
 * @param netaddr network address of the adapter (e.g. 192.168.1.0)
 * @return index of the adapter or negative on error
 */
static int
get_adapter_index_from_addr(struct in_addr *netaddr, char *guid, size_t guid_len)
{
   pcap_if_t *alldevs;
   pcap_if_t *d;
   char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
   int index = 0;

   memset(guid, 0, guid_len);

   /* Retrieve the interfaces list */
   if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) == -1) {
      printf("Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);
      return -1;
   }
   /* Scan the list printing every entry */
   for (d = alldevs; d != NULL; d = d->next, index++) {
      pcap_addr_t *a;
      for(a = d->addresses; a != NULL; a = a->next) {
         if (a->addr->sa_family == AF_INET) {
            ULONG a_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)a->addr)->sin_addr.s_addr;
            ULONG a_netmask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)a->netmask)->sin_addr.s_addr;
            ULONG a_netaddr = a_addr & a_netmask;
            ULONG addr = (*netaddr).s_addr;
            if (a_netaddr == addr) {
               int ret = -1;
               char name[128];
               char *start, *end;
               size_t len = strlen(d->name);
               if(len > 127) {
                  len = 127;
               }
               MEMCPY(name, d->name, len);
               name[len] = 0;
               start = strstr(name, "{");
               if (start != NULL) {
                  end = strstr(start, "}");
                  if (end != NULL) {
                     size_t len = end - start + 1;
                     MEMCPY(guid, start, len);
                     ret = index;
                  }
               }
               pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
               return ret;
            }
         }
      }
   }
   printf("Network address not found.\n");

   pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
   return -1;
}
#endif /* PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS */

#if defined(PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS) || defined(PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID)
/** Get the index of an adapter by its GUID
 *
 * @param adapter_guid GUID of the adapter
 * @return index of the adapter or negative on error
 */
static int
get_adapter_index(const char* adapter_guid)
{
  pcap_if_t *alldevs;
  pcap_if_t *d;
  char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
  int idx = 0;

  /* Retrieve the interfaces list */
  if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) == -1) {
    printf("Error in pcap_findalldevs: %s\n", errbuf);
    return -1;
  }
  /* Scan the list and compare name vs. adapter_guid */
  for (d = alldevs; d != NULL; d = d->next, idx++) {
    if(strstr(d->name, adapter_guid)) {
      pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
      return idx;
    }
  }
  /* not found, dump all adapters */
  printf("%d available adapters:\n", idx);
  for (d = alldevs, idx = 0; d != NULL; d = d->next, idx++) {
    printf("- %d: %s\n", idx, d->name);
  }
  pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
  return -1;
}
#endif /* defined(PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS) || defined(PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID) */

static pcap_t*
pcapif_open_adapter(const char* adapter_name, char* errbuf)
{
  pcap_t* adapter = pcap_open_live(adapter_name,/* name of the device */
                               65536,             /* portion of the packet to capture */
                                                  /* 65536 guarantees that the whole packet will be captured on all the link layers */
                               PCAP_OPENFLAG_PROMISCUOUS,/* promiscuous mode */
#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
                               /*-*/1,                /* don't wait at all for lower latency */
#else
                               1,                /* wait 1 ms in ethernetif_poll */
#endif
                               errbuf);           /* error buffer */
  return adapter;
}

#if !PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
static void
pcap_reopen_adapter(struct pcapif_private *pa)
{
  char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];
  pcap_if_t *alldevs;
  if (pa->adapter != NULL) {
    pcap_close(pa->adapter);
    pa->adapter = NULL;
  }
  if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) != -1) {
    pcap_if_t *d;
    for (d = alldevs; d != NULL; d = d->next) {
      if (!strcmp(d->name, pa->name)) {
        pa->adapter = pcapif_open_adapter(pa->name, errbuf);
        if (pa->adapter == NULL) {
          printf("failed to reopen pcap adapter after failure: %s\n", errbuf);
        }
        break;
      }
    }
    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
  }
}
#endif

/**
 * Open a network adapter and set it up for packet input
 *
 * @param adapter_num the index of the adapter to use
 * @param arg argument to pass to input
 * @return an adapter handle on success, NULL on failure
 */
static struct pcapif_private*
pcapif_init_adapter(int adapter_num, void *arg)
{
  int i;
  int number_of_adapters;
  struct pcapif_private *pa;
  char errbuf[PCAP_ERRBUF_SIZE+1];

  pcap_if_t *alldevs;
  pcap_if_t *d;
  pcap_if_t *used_adapter = NULL;

  pa = (struct pcapif_private *)malloc(sizeof(struct pcapif_private));
  if (!pa) {
    printf("Unable to alloc the adapter!\n");
    return NULL;
  }

  memset(pa, 0, sizeof(struct pcapif_private));
  pcapif_init_tx_packets(pa);
  pa->input_fn_arg = arg;

  /* Retrieve the interfaces list */
  if (pcap_findalldevs(&alldevs, errbuf) == -1) {
    free(pa);
    return NULL; /* no adapters found */
  }
  /* get number of adapters and adapter pointer */
  for (d = alldevs, number_of_adapters = 0; d != NULL; d = d->next, number_of_adapters++) {
    if (number_of_adapters == adapter_num) {
      char *desc = d->description;
      size_t len;

      len = strlen(d->name);
      LWIP_ASSERT("len < ADAPTER_NAME_LEN", len < ADAPTER_NAME_LEN);
      strcpy(pa->name, d->name);

      used_adapter = d;
      /* format vendor description */
      if (desc != NULL) {
        len = strlen(desc);
        if (strstr(desc, " ' on local host") != NULL) {
          len -= 16;
        }
        else if (strstr(desc, "' on local host") != NULL) {
          len -= 15;
        }
        if (strstr(desc, "Network adapter '") == desc) {
          len -= 17;
          desc += 17;
        }
        len = LWIP_MIN(len, ADAPTER_DESC_LEN-1);
        while ((desc[len-1] == ' ') || (desc[len-1] == '\t')) {
          /* don't copy trailing whitespace */
          len--;
        }
        strncpy(pa->description, desc, len);
        pa->description[len] = 0;
      } else {
        strcpy(pa->description, "<no_desc>");
      }
    }
  }

#ifndef PCAPIF_LIB_QUIET
  /* Scan the list printing every entry */
  for (d = alldevs, i = 0; d != NULL; d = d->next, i++) {
    char *desc = d->description;
    char descBuf[128];
    size_t len;
    const char* devname = d->name;
    if (d->name == NULL) {
      devname = "<unnamed>";
    } else {
      if (strstr(devname, "\\Device\\") == devname) {
        /* windows: strip the first part */
        devname += 8;
      }
    }
    printf("%2i: %s\n", i, devname);
    if (desc != NULL) {
      /* format vendor description */
      len = strlen(desc);
      if (strstr(desc, " ' on local host") != NULL) {
        len -= 16;
      }
      else if (strstr(desc, "' on local host") != NULL) {
        len -= 15;
      }
      if (strstr(desc, "Network adapter '") == desc) {
        len -= 17;
        desc += 17;
      }
      len = LWIP_MIN(len, 127);
      while ((desc[len-1] == ' ') || (desc[len-1] == '\t')) {
        /* don't copy trailing whitespace */
        len--;
      }
      strncpy(descBuf, desc, len);
      descBuf[len] = 0;
      printf("     Desc: \"%s\"\n", descBuf);
    }
  }
#endif /* PCAPIF_LIB_QUIET */

  /* invalid adapter index -> check this after printing the adapters */
  if (adapter_num < 0) {
    printf("Invalid adapter_num: %d\n", adapter_num);
    free(pa);
    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
    return NULL;
  }
  /* adapter index out of range */
  if (adapter_num >= number_of_adapters) {
    printf("Invalid adapter_num: %d\n", adapter_num);
    free(pa);
    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
    return NULL;
  }
#ifndef PCAPIF_LIB_QUIET
  printf("Using adapter_num: %d\n", adapter_num);
#endif /* PCAPIF_LIB_QUIET */
  /* set up the selected adapter */

  LWIP_ASSERT("used_adapter != NULL", used_adapter != NULL);

  /* Open the device */
  pa->adapter = pcapif_open_adapter(used_adapter->name, errbuf);
  if (pa->adapter == NULL) {
    printf("\nUnable to open the adapter. %s is not supported by pcap (\"%s\").\n", used_adapter->name, errbuf);
    /* Free the device list */
    pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);
    free(pa);
    return NULL;
  }
  printf("Using adapter: \"%s\"\n", pa->description);
  pcap_freealldevs(alldevs);

#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
  pa->link_state = pcapifh_linkstate_init(pa->name);
  pa->last_link_event = PCAPIF_LINKEVENT_UNKNOWN;
#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */

  return pa;
}

#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
static void
pcapif_check_linkstate(void *netif_ptr)
{
  struct netif *netif = (struct netif*)netif_ptr;
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);
  enum pcapifh_link_event le;

  le = pcapifh_linkstate_get(pa->link_state);

  if (pa->last_link_event != le) {
    pa->last_link_event = le;
    switch (le) {
      case PCAPIF_LINKEVENT_UP: {
        PCAPIF_NOTIFY_LINKSTATE(netif, netif_set_link_up);
        break;
      }
      case PCAPIF_LINKEVENT_DOWN: {
        PCAPIF_NOTIFY_LINKSTATE(netif, netif_set_link_down);
        break;
      }
      case PCAPIF_LINKEVENT_UNKNOWN: /* fall through */
      default:
        break;
    }
  }
  sys_timeout(PCAPIF_LINKCHECK_INTERVAL_MS, pcapif_check_linkstate, netif);
}
#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */


/**
 * Close the adapter (no more packets can be sent or received)
 *
 * @param netif netif to shutdown
 */
void
pcapif_shutdown(struct netif *netif)
{
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);
  if (pa) {
#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
    pa->rx_run = 0;
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD */
    if (pa->adapter) {
      pcap_breakloop(pa->adapter);
    }
#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
    /* wait for rxthread to end */
    while (pa->rx_running) {
      Sleep(100);
    }
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD */
    if (pa->adapter) {
      pcap_close(pa->adapter);
      pa->adapter = NULL;
    }
#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
    pcapifh_linkstate_close(pa->link_state);
#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */
    free(pa);
  }
}

#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
/** RX running in its own thread */
static void
pcapif_input_thread(void *arg)
{
  struct netif *netif = (struct netif *)arg;
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);
  do
  {
    struct pcap_pkthdr pkt_header;
    const u_char *packet = pcap_next(pa->adapter, &pkt_header);
    if(packet != NULL) {
      pcapif_input((u_char*)pa, &pkt_header, packet);
    }
  } while (pa->rx_run);
  pa->rx_running = 0;
}
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD */

/** Low-level initialization: find the correct adapter and initialize it.
 */
static void
pcapif_low_level_init(struct netif *netif)
{
  u8_t my_mac_addr[ETH_HWADDR_LEN] = LWIP_MAC_ADDR_BASE;
  int adapter_num = PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_NR;
  struct pcapif_private *pa;
#ifdef PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS
  ip4_addr_t netaddr;
#define GUID_LEN 128
  char guid[GUID_LEN + 1];
#endif /* PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS */

  /* If 'state' is != NULL at this point, we assume it is an 'int' giving
     the index of the adapter to use (+ 1 because 0==NULL is invalid).
     This can be used to instantiate multiple PCAP drivers. */
  if (netif->state != NULL) {
    adapter_num = (LWIP_PTR_NUMERIC_CAST(int, netif->state)) - 1;
    if (adapter_num < 0) {
      printf("ERROR: invalid adapter index \"%d\"!\n", adapter_num);
      LWIP_ASSERT("ERROR initializing network adapter!", 0);
      return;
    }
  }

#ifdef PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS
  memset(&guid, 0, sizeof(guid));
  PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS(&netaddr);
  if (get_adapter_index_from_addr((struct in_addr *)&netaddr, guid, GUID_LEN) < 0) {
     printf("ERROR initializing network adapter, failed to get GUID for network address %s\n", ip4addr_ntoa(&netaddr));
     LWIP_ASSERT("ERROR initializing network adapter, failed to get GUID for network address!", 0);
     return;
  }
  adapter_num = get_adapter_index(guid);
  if (adapter_num < 0) {
     printf("ERROR finding network adapter with GUID \"%s\"!\n", guid);
     LWIP_ASSERT("ERROR finding network adapter with expected GUID!", 0);
     return;
  }

#else /* PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS */
#ifdef PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID
  /* get adapter index for guid string */
  adapter_num = get_adapter_index(PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID);
  if (adapter_num < 0) {
    printf("ERROR finding network adapter with GUID \"%s\"!\n", PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID);
    LWIP_ASSERT("ERROR initializing network adapter!", 0);
    return;
  }
#endif /* PACKET_LIB_ADAPTER_GUID */
#endif /* PACKET_LIB_GET_ADAPTER_NETADDRESS */

  /* Do whatever else is needed to initialize interface. */
  pa = pcapif_init_adapter(adapter_num, netif);
  if (pa == NULL) {
    printf("ERROR initializing network adapter %d!\n", adapter_num);
    LWIP_ASSERT("ERROR initializing network adapter!", 0);
    return;
  }
  netif->state = pa;

  /* change the MAC address to a unique value
     so that multiple ethernetifs are supported */
  /* @todo: this does NOT support multiple processes using this adapter! */
  my_mac_addr[ETH_HWADDR_LEN - 1] += netif->num;
  /* Copy MAC addr */
  SMEMCPY(&netif->hwaddr, my_mac_addr, ETH_HWADDR_LEN);

  /* get the initial link state of the selected interface */
#if PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE
  pa->last_link_event = pcapifh_linkstate_get(pa->link_state);
  if (pa->last_link_event == PCAPIF_LINKEVENT_DOWN) {
    netif_set_link_down(netif);
  } else {
    netif_set_link_up(netif);
  }
  sys_timeout(PCAPIF_LINKCHECK_INTERVAL_MS, pcapif_check_linkstate, netif);
#else /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */
  /* just set the link up so that lwIP can transmit */
  netif_set_link_up(netif);
#endif /* PCAPIF_HANDLE_LINKSTATE */

#if PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
  pa->rx_run = 1;
  pa->rx_running = 1;
  sys_thread_new("pcapif_rxthread", pcapif_input_thread, netif, 0, 0);
#endif

  LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("pcapif: eth_addr %02X%02X%02X%02X%02X%02X\n",netif->hwaddr[0],netif->hwaddr[1],netif->hwaddr[2],netif->hwaddr[3],netif->hwaddr[4],netif->hwaddr[5]));
}

/** low_level_output():
 * Transmit a packet. The packet is contained in the pbuf that is passed to
 * the function. This pbuf might be chained.
 */
static err_t
pcapif_low_level_output(struct netif *netif, struct pbuf *p)
{
  struct pbuf *q;
  unsigned char buffer[ETH_MAX_FRAME_LEN + ETH_PAD_SIZE];
  unsigned char *buf = buffer;
  unsigned char *ptr;
  struct eth_hdr *ethhdr;
  u16_t tot_len = p->tot_len - ETH_PAD_SIZE;
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);

#if defined(LWIP_DEBUG) && LWIP_NETIF_TX_SINGLE_PBUF && !(LWIP_IPV4 && IP_FRAG) && (LWIP_IPV6 && LWIP_IPV6_FRAG)
  LWIP_ASSERT("p->next == NULL && p->len == p->tot_len", p->next == NULL && p->len == p->tot_len);
#endif

  /* initiate transfer */
  if ((p->len == p->tot_len) && (p->len >= ETH_MIN_FRAME_LEN + ETH_PAD_SIZE)) {
    /* no pbuf chain, don't have to copy -> faster */
    buf = &((unsigned char*)p->payload)[ETH_PAD_SIZE];
  } else {
    /* pbuf chain, copy into contiguous buffer */
    if (p->tot_len >= sizeof(buffer)) {
      LINK_STATS_INC(link.lenerr);
      LINK_STATS_INC(link.drop);
      MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifoutdiscards);
      return ERR_BUF;
    }
    ptr = buffer;
    for(q = p; q != NULL; q = q->next) {
      /* Send the data from the pbuf to the interface, one pbuf at a
         time. The size of the data in each pbuf is kept in the ->len
         variable. */
      /* send data from(q->payload, q->len); */
      LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("netif: send ptr %p q->payload %p q->len %i q->next %p\n", ptr, q->payload, (int)q->len, (void*)q->next));
      if (q == p) {
        MEMCPY(ptr, &((char*)q->payload)[ETH_PAD_SIZE], q->len - ETH_PAD_SIZE);
        ptr += q->len - ETH_PAD_SIZE;
      } else {
        MEMCPY(ptr, q->payload, q->len);
        ptr += q->len;
      }
    }
  }

  if (tot_len < ETH_MIN_FRAME_LEN) {
    /* ensure minimal frame length */
    memset(&buf[tot_len], 0, ETH_MIN_FRAME_LEN - tot_len);
    tot_len = ETH_MIN_FRAME_LEN;
  }

  /* signal that packet should be sent */
  if (pcap_sendpacket(pa->adapter, buf, tot_len) < 0) {
    LINK_STATS_INC(link.memerr);
    LINK_STATS_INC(link.drop);
    MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifoutdiscards);
    return ERR_BUF;
  }
  if (netif_is_link_up(netif)) {
    pcapif_add_tx_packet(pa, buf, tot_len);
  }

  LINK_STATS_INC(link.xmit);
  MIB2_STATS_NETIF_ADD(netif, ifoutoctets, tot_len);
  ethhdr = (struct eth_hdr *)p->payload;
  if ((ethhdr->dest.addr[0] & 1) != 0) {
    /* broadcast or multicast packet*/
    MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifoutnucastpkts);
  } else {
    /* unicast packet */
    MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifoutucastpkts);
  }
  return ERR_OK;
}

/** low_level_input(): Allocate a pbuf and transfer the bytes of the incoming
 * packet from the interface into the pbuf.
 */
static struct pbuf *
pcapif_low_level_input(struct netif *netif, const void *packet, int packet_len)
{
  struct pbuf *p, *q;
  int start;
  int length = packet_len;
  const struct eth_addr *dest = (const struct eth_addr*)packet;
  int unicast;
#if PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES && !PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
  const u8_t bcast[] = {0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff, 0xff};
  const u8_t ipv4mcast[] = {0x01, 0x00, 0x5e};
  const u8_t ipv6mcast[] = {0x33, 0x33};
#endif /* PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES && !PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */

  if (pcaipf_is_tx_packet(netif, packet, packet_len)) {
    /* don't update counters here! */
    return NULL;
  }

  unicast = ((dest->addr[0] & 0x01) == 0);
#if !PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS
  /* MAC filter: only let my MAC or non-unicast through (pcap receives loopback traffic, too) */
  if (memcmp(dest, &netif->hwaddr, ETH_HWADDR_LEN) &&
#if PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES
    (memcmp(dest, ipv4mcast, 3) || ((dest->addr[3] & 0x80) != 0)) &&
    memcmp(dest, ipv6mcast, 2) &&
    memcmp(dest, bcast, 6)
#else /* PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES */
     unicast
#endif /* PCAPIF_FILTER_GROUP_ADDRESSES */
    ) {
    /* don't update counters here! */
    return NULL;
  }
#endif /* !PCAPIF_RECEIVE_PROMISCUOUS */

  /* We allocate a pbuf chain of pbufs from the pool. */
  p = pbuf_alloc(PBUF_RAW, (u16_t)length + ETH_PAD_SIZE, PBUF_POOL);
  LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("netif: recv length %i p->tot_len %i\n", length, (int)p->tot_len));

  if (p != NULL) {
    /* We iterate over the pbuf chain until we have read the entire
       packet into the pbuf. */
    start = 0;
    for (q = p; q != NULL; q = q->next) {
      u16_t copy_len = q->len;
      /* Read enough bytes to fill this pbuf in the chain. The
         available data in the pbuf is given by the q->len
         variable. */
      /* read data into(q->payload, q->len); */
      LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("netif: recv start %i length %i q->payload %p q->len %i q->next %p\n", start, length, q->payload, (int)q->len, (void*)q->next));
      if (q == p) {
#if ETH_PAD_SIZE
        LWIP_ASSERT("q->len >= ETH_PAD_SIZE", q->len >= ETH_PAD_SIZE);
        copy_len -= ETH_PAD_SIZE;
#endif /* ETH_PAD_SIZE*/
        MEMCPY(&((char*)q->payload)[ETH_PAD_SIZE], &((const char*)packet)[start], copy_len);
      } else {
        MEMCPY(q->payload, &((const char*)packet)[start], copy_len);
      }
      start += copy_len;
      length -= copy_len;
      if (length <= 0) {
        break;
      }
    }
    LINK_STATS_INC(link.recv);
    MIB2_STATS_NETIF_ADD(netif, ifinoctets, p->tot_len - ETH_PAD_SIZE);
    if (unicast) {
      MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifinucastpkts);
    } else {
      MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifinnucastpkts);
    }
  } else {
    /* drop packet */
    LINK_STATS_INC(link.memerr);
    LINK_STATS_INC(link.drop);
    MIB2_STATS_NETIF_INC(netif, ifindiscards);
  }

  return p;
}

#if PCAPIF_RX_REF
static void
pcapif_rx_pbuf_free_custom(struct pbuf *p)
{
  struct pcapif_pbuf_custom* ppc;
  LWIP_ASSERT("NULL pointer", p != NULL);
  ppc = (struct pcapif_pbuf_custom*)p;
#if PCAPIF_RX_READONLY
  LWIP_ASSERT("NULL pointer", ppc->ro_mem != NULL);
  pcapifh_free_readonly_mem(ppc->ro_mem);
  ppc->ro_mem = NULL;
#else
  LWIP_ASSERT("NULL pointer", ppc->p != NULL);
  pbuf_free(ppc->p);
  ppc->p = NULL;
#endif
  mem_free(p);
}

static struct pbuf*
pcapif_rx_ref(struct pbuf* p)
{
  struct pcapif_pbuf_custom* ppc;
  struct pbuf* q;
  u16_t len;
  void *payload_mem;

  LWIP_ASSERT("NULL pointer", p != NULL);
  LWIP_ASSERT("chained pbuf not supported here", p->next == NULL);

  ppc = (struct pcapif_pbuf_custom*)mem_malloc(sizeof(struct pcapif_pbuf_custom));
  LWIP_ASSERT("out of memory for RX", ppc != NULL);
  ppc->pc.custom_free_function = pcapif_rx_pbuf_free_custom;
  len = p->tot_len;
#if PCAPIF_RX_READONLY
  payload_mem = pcapifh_alloc_readonly_copy(p->payload, len);
  LWIP_ASSERT("out of readonly memory for RX", payload_mem != NULL);
  pbuf_free(p);
  ppc->ro_mem = payload_mem;
#else
  ppc->p = p;
  payload_mem = p->payload;
#endif

  q = pbuf_alloced_custom(PBUF_RAW, len, PBUF_REF, &ppc->pc, payload_mem, len);
  LWIP_ASSERT("pbuf_alloced_custom returned NULL", q != NULL);
  return q;
}
#endif /* PCAPIF_RX_REF */

/** pcapif_input: This function is called when a packet is ready to be read
 * from the interface. It uses the function low_level_input() that should
 * handle the actual reception of bytes from the network interface.
 */
static void
pcapif_input(u_char *user, const struct pcap_pkthdr *pkt_header, const u_char *packet)
{
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)user;
  int packet_len = pkt_header->caplen;
  struct netif *netif = (struct netif *)pa->input_fn_arg;
  struct pbuf *p;

  PCAPIF_RX_LOCK_LWIP();

  /* move received packet into a new pbuf */
  p = pcapif_low_level_input(netif, packet, packet_len);
  /* if no packet could be read, silently ignore this */
  if (p != NULL) {
#if PCAPIF_RX_REF
    p = pcapif_rx_ref(p);
#endif
    /* pass all packets to ethernet_input, which decides what packets it supports */
    if (netif->input(p, netif) != ERR_OK) {
      LWIP_DEBUGF(NETIF_DEBUG, ("ethernetif_input: IP input error\n"));
      pbuf_free(p);
    }
  }
  PCAPIF_RX_UNLOCK_LWIP();
}

/**
 * pcapif_init(): initialization function, pass to netif_add().
 */
err_t
pcapif_init(struct netif *netif)
{
  static int ethernetif_index;

  int local_index;
  SYS_ARCH_DECL_PROTECT(lev);

  pcapifh_init_npcap();

  SYS_ARCH_PROTECT(lev);
  local_index = ethernetif_index++;
  SYS_ARCH_UNPROTECT(lev);

  LWIP_ASSERT("pcapif needs an input callback", netif->input != NULL);

  netif->name[0] = IFNAME0;
  netif->name[1] = (char)(IFNAME1 + local_index);
  netif->linkoutput = pcapif_low_level_output;
#if LWIP_IPV4
#if LWIP_ARP
  netif->output = etharp_output;
#else /* LWIP_ARP */
  netif->output = NULL; /* not used for PPPoE */
#endif /* LWIP_ARP */
#endif /* LWIP_IPV4 */
#if LWIP_IPV6
  netif->output_ip6 = ethip6_output;
#endif /* LWIP_IPV6 */
#if LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME
  /* Initialize interface hostname */
  netif_set_hostname(netif, "lwip");
#endif /* LWIP_NETIF_HOSTNAME */

  netif->mtu = 1500;
  netif->flags = NETIF_FLAG_BROADCAST | NETIF_FLAG_ETHARP | NETIF_FLAG_ETHERNET | NETIF_FLAG_IGMP;
#if LWIP_IPV6 && LWIP_IPV6_MLD
  netif->flags |= NETIF_FLAG_MLD6;
#endif /* LWIP_IPV6 && LWIP_IPV6_MLD */
  netif->hwaddr_len = ETH_HWADDR_LEN;

  NETIF_INIT_SNMP(netif, snmp_ifType_ethernet_csmacd, 100000000);

  /* sets link up or down based on current status */
  pcapif_low_level_init(netif);

  return ERR_OK;
}

#if !PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD
void
pcapif_poll(struct netif *netif)
{
  struct pcapif_private *pa = (struct pcapif_private*)PCAPIF_GET_STATE_PTR(netif);

  int ret;
  do {
    if (pa->adapter != NULL) {
      ret = pcap_dispatch(pa->adapter, -1, pcapif_input, (u_char*)pa);
    } else {
      ret = -1;
    }
    if (ret < 0) {
      /* error (e.g. adapter removed or resume from standby), try to reopen the adapter */
      pcap_reopen_adapter(pa);
    }
  } while (ret > 0);

}
#endif /* !PCAPIF_RX_USE_THREAD */

#endif /* LWIP_ETHERNET */