/*
 Small, safe and fast printf-like formatting library for C++
 Author: Victor Zverovich
 */

#ifndef FORMAT_H_
#define FORMAT_H_

#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdio>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace format {

class FormatError : public std::runtime_error {
 public:
  FormatError(const std::string &message) : std::runtime_error(message) {}
};

class ArgFormatter;

template <typename Callback>
class ArgFormatterWithCallback;

// A sprintf-like formatter that automatically allocates enough storage to
// fit all the output.
class Formatter {
 private:
  std::vector<char> buffer_;

  enum Type {
    CHAR, INT, UINT, LONG, ULONG, DOUBLE, LONG_DOUBLE, STRING, WSTRING, POINTER
  };

  struct Arg {
    Type type;
    union {
      int int_value;
      unsigned uint_value;
      double double_value;
      long long_value;
      unsigned long ulong_value;
      long double long_double_value;
      const char *string_value;
      const wchar_t *wstring_value;
      const void *pointer_value;
    };

    explicit Arg(char value) : type(CHAR), int_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(int value) : type(INT), int_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(unsigned value) : type(UINT), uint_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(long value) : type(LONG), long_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(unsigned long value) : type(ULONG), ulong_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(double value) : type(DOUBLE), double_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(long double value)
    : type(LONG_DOUBLE), long_double_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(const char *value) : type(STRING), string_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(const wchar_t *value) : type(WSTRING), wstring_value(value) {}
    explicit Arg(const void *value) : type(POINTER), pointer_value(value) {}
  };

  std::vector<Arg> args_;

  // Pointer to the part of the format string that hasn't been written yet.
  const char *format_;

  friend class ArgFormatter;

  void Add(const Arg &arg) {
    if (args_.empty())
      args_.reserve(10);
    args_.push_back(arg);
  }

  template <typename T>
  void FormatArg(const char *format, const T &arg, int width, int precision);

  void Format();

 public:
  Formatter() : format_(0) {}

  ArgFormatter operator()(const char *format);

  template <typename Callback>
  ArgFormatterWithCallback<Callback> FormatWithCallback(const char *format);

  const char *c_str() const { return &buffer_[0]; }
  std::size_t size() const { return buffer_.size() - 1; }
};

class ArgFormatter {
 private:
  friend class Formatter;

 protected:
  mutable Formatter *formatter_;

  ArgFormatter(const ArgFormatter& other) : formatter_(other.formatter_) {
    other.formatter_ = 0;
  }

  ArgFormatter& operator=(const ArgFormatter& other) {
    formatter_ = other.formatter_;
    other.formatter_ = 0;
    return *this;
  }

  Formatter *FinishFormatting() const {
    Formatter *f = formatter_;
    if (f) {
      formatter_ = 0;
      f->Format();
    }
    return f;
  }

 public:
  explicit ArgFormatter(Formatter &f) : formatter_(&f) {}
  ~ArgFormatter();

  friend const char *c_str(const ArgFormatter &af) {
    return af.FinishFormatting()->c_str();
  }

  friend std::string str(const ArgFormatter &af) {
    return af.FinishFormatting()->c_str();
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(char value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(int value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(unsigned value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(long value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(unsigned long value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(double value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(long double value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(const char *value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  ArgFormatter &operator<<(const void *value) {
    formatter_->Add(Formatter::Arg(value));
    return *this;
  }

  // This method is not implemented intentionally to disallow output of
  // arbitrary pointers. If you want to output a pointer cast it to void*.
  template <typename T>
  ArgFormatter &operator<<(const T *value);
};

template <typename Callback>
class ArgFormatterWithCallback : public ArgFormatter {
 public:
  explicit ArgFormatterWithCallback(Formatter &f) : ArgFormatter(f) {}

  ~ArgFormatterWithCallback() {
    if (!formatter_) return;
    Callback callback;
    callback(*formatter_);
  }
};

inline ArgFormatter Formatter::operator()(const char *format) {
  format_ = format;
  return ArgFormatter(*this);
}

template <typename Callback>
ArgFormatterWithCallback<Callback>
Formatter::FormatWithCallback(const char *format) {
  format_ = format;
  return ArgFormatterWithCallback<Callback>(*this);
}

class Format : public ArgFormatter {
 private:
  Formatter formatter_;

  // Do not implement.
  Format(const Format&);
  Format& operator=(const Format&);

 public:
  explicit Format(const char *format) : ArgFormatter(formatter_) {
    ArgFormatter::operator=(formatter_(format));
  }

  ~Format() {
    FinishFormatting();
  }
};

class Print : public ArgFormatter {
 private:
  Formatter formatter_;

  // Do not implement.
  Print(const Print&);
  Print& operator=(const Print&);

 public:
  explicit Print(const char *format) : ArgFormatter(formatter_) {
    ArgFormatter::operator=(formatter_(format));
  }

  ~Print() {
    FinishFormatting();
    std::fwrite(formatter_.c_str(), 1, formatter_.size(), stdout);
  }
};
}

namespace fmt = format;

#endif  // FORMAT_H_