diff --git a/include/fmt/base.h b/include/fmt/base.h
index 2028d82b..8f4c9899 100644
--- a/include/fmt/base.h
+++ b/include/fmt/base.h
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 #ifndef FMT_MODULE
 #  include <limits.h>  // CHAR_BIT
 #  include <stdio.h>   // FILE
-#  include <string.h>  // strlen
+#  include <string.h>  // memcmp
 
 // <cstddef> is also included transitively from <type_traits>.
 #  include <cstddef>      // std::byte
@@ -2956,7 +2956,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
                                                    char>::value)>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt&& out, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> remove_cvref_t<OutputIt> {
-  return vformat_to(FMT_FWD(out), fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vformat_to(FMT_FWD(out), fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt> struct format_to_n_result {
@@ -2986,7 +2986,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to_n(OutputIt out, size_t n, format_string<T...> fmt,
                             T&&... args) -> format_to_n_result<OutputIt> {
-  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vformat_to_n(out, n, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 struct format_to_result {
@@ -3041,8 +3041,9 @@ FMT_API void vprintln(FILE* f, string_view fmt, format_args args);
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   fmt::vargs<T...> vargs = {{args...}};
-  if (!FMT_USE_UTF8) return detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt, vargs, false);
-  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(stdout, fmt, vargs)
+  if (!FMT_USE_UTF8)
+    return detail::vprint_mojibake(stdout, fmt.str, vargs, false);
+  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(stdout, fmt.str, vargs)
                                     : vprint(fmt.str, vargs);
 }
 
@@ -3057,8 +3058,8 @@ FMT_INLINE void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void print(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   fmt::vargs<T...> vargs = {{args...}};
-  if (!FMT_USE_UTF8) return detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs, false);
-  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(f, fmt, vargs)
+  if (!FMT_USE_UTF8) return detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt.str, vargs, false);
+  return detail::is_locking<T...>() ? vprint_buffered(f, fmt.str, vargs)
                                     : vprint(f, fmt.str, vargs);
 }
 
@@ -3067,8 +3068,8 @@ FMT_INLINE void print(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_INLINE void println(FILE* f, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   fmt::vargs<T...> vargs = {{args...}};
-  return FMT_USE_UTF8 ? vprintln(f, fmt, vargs)
-                      : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt, vargs, true);
+  return FMT_USE_UTF8 ? vprintln(f, fmt.str, vargs)
+                      : detail::vprint_mojibake(f, fmt.str, vargs, true);
 }
 
 /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the output
diff --git a/include/fmt/color.h b/include/fmt/color.h
index ae63b940..2faaf3a0 100644
--- a/include/fmt/color.h
+++ b/include/fmt/color.h
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ inline void vprint(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, string_view fmt,
 template <typename... T>
 void print(FILE* f, const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt,
            T&&... args) {
-  vprint(f, ts, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  vprint(f, ts, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 /**
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ inline auto vformat(const text_style& ts, string_view fmt, format_args args)
 template <typename... T>
 inline auto format(const text_style& ts, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> std::string {
-  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return fmt::vformat(ts, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 /// Formats a string with the given text_style and writes the output to `out`.
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_output_iterator<OutputIt, char>::value)>
 inline auto format_to(OutputIt out, const text_style& ts,
                       format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
-  return vformat_to(out, ts, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vformat_to(out, ts, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename T, typename Char>
diff --git a/include/fmt/format.h b/include/fmt/format.h
index ad7981cb..911628e8 100644
--- a/include/fmt/format.h
+++ b/include/fmt/format.h
@@ -3919,7 +3919,7 @@ FMT_API auto vsystem_error(int error_code, string_view format_str,
 template <typename... T>
 auto system_error(int error_code, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> std::system_error {
-  return vsystem_error(error_code, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vsystem_error(error_code, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 /**
@@ -4327,7 +4327,7 @@ FMT_API auto vformat(string_view fmt, format_args args) -> std::string;
 template <typename... T>
 FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto format(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> std::string {
-  return vformat(fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vformat(fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename Locale, FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
@@ -4340,7 +4340,7 @@ template <typename Locale, typename... T,
           FMT_ENABLE_IF(detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
 inline auto format(const Locale& loc, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args)
     -> std::string {
-  return fmt::vformat(loc, string_view(fmt), vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return fmt::vformat(loc, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale,
@@ -4358,7 +4358,7 @@ template <typename OutputIt, typename Locale, typename... T,
                             detail::is_locale<Locale>::value)>
 FMT_INLINE auto format_to(OutputIt out, const Locale& loc,
                           format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) -> OutputIt {
-  return vformat_to(out, loc, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+  return vformat_to(out, loc, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
 }
 
 template <typename Locale, typename... T,
@@ -4367,7 +4367,8 @@ FMT_NODISCARD FMT_INLINE auto formatted_size(const Locale& loc,
                                              format_string<T...> fmt,
                                              T&&... args) -> size_t {
   auto buf = detail::counting_buffer<>();
-  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}}, detail::locale_ref(loc));
+  detail::vformat_to(buf, fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}},
+                     detail::locale_ref(loc));
   return buf.count();
 }
 
diff --git a/include/fmt/os.h b/include/fmt/os.h
index 9e016536..393a5f65 100644
--- a/include/fmt/os.h
+++ b/include/fmt/os.h
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ class FMT_API ostream : private detail::buffer<char> {
   /// Formats `args` according to specifications in `fmt` and writes the
   /// output to the file.
   template <typename... T> void print(format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
-    vformat_to(appender(*this), fmt, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
+    vformat_to(appender(*this), fmt.str, vargs<T...>{{args...}});
   }
 };
 
diff --git a/include/fmt/ostream.h b/include/fmt/ostream.h
index 71f51904..18a8b88c 100644
--- a/include/fmt/ostream.h
+++ b/include/fmt/ostream.h
@@ -57,15 +57,6 @@ void write_buffer(std::basic_ostream<Char>& os, buffer<Char>& buf) {
   } while (size != 0);
 }
 
-template <typename Char, typename T>
-void format_value(buffer<Char>& buf, const T& value) {
-  auto&& format_buf = formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buf);
-  auto&& output = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&format_buf);
-  output.imbue(std::locale::classic());  // The default is always unlocalized.
-  output << value;
-  output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
-}
-
 template <typename T> struct streamed_view {
   const T& value;
 };
@@ -79,7 +70,11 @@ struct basic_ostream_formatter : formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char> {
   template <typename T, typename Context>
   auto format(const T& value, Context& ctx) const -> decltype(ctx.out()) {
     auto buffer = basic_memory_buffer<Char>();
-    detail::format_value(buffer, value);
+    auto&& formatbuf = detail::formatbuf<std::basic_streambuf<Char>>(buffer);
+    auto&& output = std::basic_ostream<Char>(&formatbuf);
+    output.imbue(std::locale::classic());  // The default is always unlocalized.
+    output << value;
+    output.exceptions(std::ios_base::failbit | std::ios_base::badbit);
     return formatter<basic_string_view<Char>, Char>::format(
         {buffer.data(), buffer.size()}, ctx);
   }
@@ -147,9 +142,9 @@ inline void vprint(std::ostream& os, string_view fmt, format_args args) {
 FMT_EXPORT template <typename... T>
 void print(std::ostream& os, format_string<T...> fmt, T&&... args) {
   fmt::vargs<T...> vargs = {{args...}};
-  if (FMT_USE_UTF8) return vprint(os, fmt, vargs);
+  if (FMT_USE_UTF8) return vprint(os, fmt.str, vargs);
   auto buffer = memory_buffer();
-  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt, vargs);
+  detail::vformat_to(buffer, fmt.str, vargs);
   detail::write_buffer(os, buffer);
 }