fmt/format_test.cc

/*
 Formatting library tests.

 Copyright (c) 2012, Victor Zverovich
 All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
 LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
 ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

#include <cctype>
#include <cfloat>
#include <climits>
#include <cstring>
#include <memory>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
#include "format.h"

using std::size_t;
using std::sprintf;

using fmt::internal::Array;
using fmt::Formatter;
using fmt::Format;
using fmt::FormatError;

// Disable useless MSVC warnings.
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#define FORMAT_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, message, fail) \
  GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
  if (::testing::internal::ConstCharPtr gtest_msg = "") { \
    bool gtest_caught_expected = false; \
    try { \
      GTEST_SUPPRESS_UNREACHABLE_CODE_WARNING_BELOW_(statement); \
    } \
    catch (expected_exception const& e) { \
      gtest_caught_expected = true; \
      if (std::strcmp(message, e.what()) != 0) \
        throw; \
    } \
    catch (...) { \
      gtest_msg.value = \
          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws a different type."; \
      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
    } \
    if (!gtest_caught_expected) { \
      gtest_msg.value = \
          "Expected: " #statement " throws an exception of type " \
          #expected_exception ".\n  Actual: it throws nothing."; \
      goto GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__); \
    } \
  } else \
    GTEST_CONCAT_TOKEN_(gtest_label_testthrow_, __LINE__): \
      fail(gtest_msg.value)

#define EXPECT_THROW_MSG(statement, expected_exception, expected_message) \
  FORMAT_TEST_THROW_(statement, expected_exception, expected_message, \
      GTEST_NONFATAL_FAILURE_)

// Increment a number in a string.
void Increment(char *s) {
  for (int i = static_cast<int>(std::strlen(s)) - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
    if (s[i] != '9') {
      ++s[i];
      break;
    }
    s[i] = '0';
  }
}

TEST(UtilTest, Increment) {
  char s[10] = "123";
  Increment(s);
  EXPECT_STREQ("124", s);
  s[2] = '8';
  Increment(s);
  EXPECT_STREQ("129", s);
  Increment(s);
  EXPECT_STREQ("130", s);
  EXPECT_STREQ("130", s);
  s[1] = s[2] = '9';
  Increment(s);
  EXPECT_STREQ("200", s);
}

class TestString {
 private:
  std::string value_;

 public:
  explicit TestString(const char *value = "") : value_(value) {}

  friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const TestString &s) {
    os << s.value_;
    return os;
  }
};

TEST(ArrayTest, Ctor) {
  Array<char, 123> array;
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(123u, array.capacity());
}

TEST(ArrayTest, Access) {
  Array<char, 10> array;
  array[0] = 11;
  EXPECT_EQ(11, array[0]);
  array[3] = 42;
  EXPECT_EQ(42, *(&array[0] + 3));
  const Array<char, 10> &carray = array;
  EXPECT_EQ(42, carray[3]);
}

TEST(ArrayTest, Resize) {
  Array<char, 123> array;
  array[10] = 42;
  EXPECT_EQ(42, array[10]);
  array.resize(20);
  EXPECT_EQ(20u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(123u, array.capacity());
  EXPECT_EQ(42, array[10]);
  array.resize(5);
  EXPECT_EQ(5u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(123u, array.capacity());
  EXPECT_EQ(42, array[10]);
}

TEST(ArrayTest, Grow) {
  Array<int, 10> array;
  array.resize(10);
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    array[i] = i * i;
  array.resize(20);
  EXPECT_EQ(20u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(20u, array.capacity());
  for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
    EXPECT_EQ(i * i, array[i]);
}

TEST(ArrayTest, Clear) {
  Array<char, 10> array;
  array.resize(20);
  array.clear();
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(20u, array.capacity());
}

TEST(ArrayTest, PushBack) {
  Array<int, 10> array;
  array.push_back(11);
  EXPECT_EQ(11, array[0]);
  EXPECT_EQ(1u, array.size());
  array.resize(10);
  array.push_back(22);
  EXPECT_EQ(22, array[10]);
  EXPECT_EQ(11u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(15u, array.capacity());
}

TEST(ArrayTest, Append) {
  Array<char, 10> array;
  const char *test = "test";
  array.append(test, test + 5);
  EXPECT_STREQ("test", &array[0]);
  EXPECT_EQ(5u, array.size());
  array.resize(10);
  array.append(test, test + 2);
  EXPECT_EQ('t', array[10]);
  EXPECT_EQ('e', array[11]);
  EXPECT_EQ(12u, array.size());
  EXPECT_EQ(15u, array.capacity());
}

TEST(FormatterTest, Escape) {
  EXPECT_EQ("{", str(Format("{{")));
  EXPECT_EQ("before {", str(Format("before {{")));
  EXPECT_EQ("{ after", str(Format("{{ after")));
  EXPECT_EQ("before { after", str(Format("before {{ after")));

  EXPECT_EQ("}", str(Format("}}")));
  EXPECT_EQ("before }", str(Format("before }}")));
  EXPECT_EQ("} after", str(Format("}} after")));
  EXPECT_EQ("before } after", str(Format("before }} after")));

  EXPECT_EQ("{}", str(Format("{{}}")));
  EXPECT_EQ("{42}", str(Format("{{{0}}}") << 42));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, UnmatchedBraces) {
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{"), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("}"), FormatError, "unmatched '}' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0{}"), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, NoArgs) {
  EXPECT_EQ("test", str(Format("test")));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, ArgsInDifferentPositions) {
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("before 42", str(Format("before {0}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("42 after", str(Format("{0} after") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("before 42 after", str(Format("before {0} after") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("answer = 42", str(Format("{0} = {1}") << "answer" << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("42 is the answer",
      str(Format("{1} is the {0}") << "answer" << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("abracadabra", str(Format("{0}{1}{0}") << "abra" << "cad"));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, ArgErrors) {
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{"), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{}"), FormatError,
      "missing argument index in format string");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0"), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0}"), FormatError,
      "argument index is out of range in format");

  char format[256];
  std::sprintf(format, "{%u", UINT_MAX);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::sprintf(format, "{%u}", UINT_MAX);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError,
      "argument index is out of range in format");

  std::sprintf(format, "{%u", UINT_MAX);
  Increment(format + 1);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::size_t size = std::strlen(format);
  format[size] = '}';
  format[size + 1] = 0;
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "number is too big in format");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, EmptySpecs) {
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:}") << 42));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, PlusFlag) {
  EXPECT_EQ("+42", str(Format("{0:+}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("-42", str(Format("{0:+}") << -42));
  EXPECT_EQ("+42", str(Format("{0:+}") << 42));
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << 42u,
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires signed argument");
  EXPECT_EQ("+42", str(Format("{0:+}") << 42l));
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << 42ul,
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires signed argument");
  EXPECT_EQ("+42", str(Format("{0:+}") << 42.0));
  EXPECT_EQ("+42", str(Format("{0:+}") << 42.0l));
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+") << 'c',
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << 'c',
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << "abc",
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x42),
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:+}") << TestString(),
      FormatError, "format specifier '+' requires numeric argument");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, ZeroFlag) {
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:0}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("-0042", str(Format("{0:05}") << -42));
  EXPECT_EQ("00042", str(Format("{0:05}") << 42u));
  EXPECT_EQ("-0042", str(Format("{0:05}") << -42l));
  EXPECT_EQ("00042", str(Format("{0:05}") << 42ul));
  EXPECT_EQ("-0042", str(Format("{0:05}") << -42.0));
  EXPECT_EQ("-0042", str(Format("{0:05}") << -42.0l));
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:0") << 'c',
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:05}") << 'c',
      FormatError, "format specifier '0' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:05}") << "abc",
      FormatError, "format specifier '0' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:05}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x42),
      FormatError, "format specifier '0' requires numeric argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:05}") << TestString(),
      FormatError, "format specifier '0' requires numeric argument");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, Width) {
  char format[256];
  std::sprintf(format, "{0:%u", UINT_MAX);
  Increment(format + 3);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::size_t size = std::strlen(format);
  format[size] = '}';
  format[size + 1] = 0;
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0,
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");

  std::sprintf(format, "{0:%u", INT_MAX + 1u);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::sprintf(format, "{0:%u}", INT_MAX + 1u);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0,
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");
  EXPECT_EQ(" -42", str(Format("{0:4}") << -42));
  EXPECT_EQ("   42", str(Format("{0:5}") << 42u));
  EXPECT_EQ("   -42", str(Format("{0:6}") << -42l));
  EXPECT_EQ("     42", str(Format("{0:7}") << 42ul));
  EXPECT_EQ("   -1.23", str(Format("{0:8}") << -1.23));
  EXPECT_EQ("    -1.23", str(Format("{0:9}") << -1.23l));
  EXPECT_EQ("    0xcafe",
      str(Format("{0:10}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xcafe)));
  EXPECT_EQ("x          ", str(Format("{0:11}") << 'x'));
  EXPECT_EQ("str         ", str(Format("{0:12}") << "str"));
  EXPECT_EQ("test         ", str(Format("{0:13}") << TestString("test")));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, Precision) {
  char format[256];
  std::sprintf(format, "{0:.%u", UINT_MAX);
  Increment(format + 4);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::size_t size = std::strlen(format);
  format[size] = '}';
  format[size + 1] = 0;
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0,
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");

  std::sprintf(format, "{0:.%u", INT_MAX + 1u);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::sprintf(format, "{0:.%u}", INT_MAX + 1u);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0,
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.") << 0,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.}") << 0,
      FormatError, "missing precision in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2") << 0,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << 42,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << 42,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << 42u,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << 42u,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << 42l,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << 42l,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << 42ul,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << 42ul,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_EQ("1.2", str(Format("{0:.2}") << 1.2345));
  EXPECT_EQ("1.2", str(Format("{0:.2}") << 1.2345l));

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xcafe),
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xcafe),
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << 'x',
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << 'x',
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << "str",
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << "str",
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2}") << TestString(),
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.2f}") << TestString(),
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, RuntimePrecision) {
  char format[256];
  std::sprintf(format, "{0:.{%u", UINT_MAX);
  Increment(format + 4);
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format), FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  std::size_t size = std::strlen(format);
  format[size] = '}';
  format[size + 1] = 0;
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0, FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  format[size + 1] = '}';
  format[size + 2] = 0;
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << 0,
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{") << 0,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{}") << 0,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{}}") << 0,
      FormatError, "missing argument index in format string");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}") << 0 << 0,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0,
      FormatError, "argument index is out of range in format");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << -1,
      FormatError, "negative precision in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << (INT_MAX + 1u),
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << -1l,
      FormatError, "negative precision in format");
  if (sizeof(long) > sizeof(int)) {
    EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << (INT_MAX + 1l),
        FormatError, "number is too big in format");
  }
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << (INT_MAX + 1ul),
      FormatError, "number is too big in format");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << '0',
      FormatError, "precision is not integer");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 0 << 0.0,
      FormatError, "precision is not integer");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 42 << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << 42 << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 42u << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << 42u << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 42l << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << 42l << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 42ul << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << 42ul << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_EQ("1.2", str(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 1.2345 << 2));
  EXPECT_EQ("1.2", str(Format("{1:.{0}}") << 2 << 1.2345l));

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xcafe) << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0xcafe) << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << 'x' << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << 'x' << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << "str" << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << "str" << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");

  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}}") << TestString() << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:.{1}f}") << TestString() << 2,
      FormatError, "precision specifier requires floating-point argument");
}

template <typename T>
void CheckUnknownTypes(
    const T &value, const char *types, const char *type_name) {
  char format[256], message[256];
  const char *special = ".0123456789}";
  for (int c = CHAR_MIN; c <= CHAR_MAX; ++c) {
    if (std::strchr(types, c) || std::strchr(special, c) || !c) continue;
    sprintf(format, "{0:1%c}", c);
    if (std::isprint(c))
      sprintf(message, "unknown format code '%c' for %s", c, type_name);
    else
      sprintf(message, "unknown format code '\\x%02x' for %s", c, type_name);
    EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format(format) << value, FormatError, message)
      << format << " " << message;
  }
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatInt) {
  EXPECT_THROW_MSG(Format("{0:v") << 42,
      FormatError, "unmatched '{' in format");
  CheckUnknownTypes(42, "doxX", "integer");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatDec) {
  EXPECT_EQ("0", str(Format("{0}") << 0));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:d}") << 42));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0}") << 42u));
  EXPECT_EQ("-42", str(Format("{0}") << -42));
  EXPECT_EQ("12345", str(Format("{0}") << 12345));
  EXPECT_EQ("67890", str(Format("{0}") << 67890));
  char buffer[256];
  sprintf(buffer, "%d", INT_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << INT_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%d", INT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << INT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%u", UINT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << UINT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%ld", 0ul - LONG_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << LONG_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%ld", LONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << LONG_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%lu", ULONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0}") << ULONG_MAX));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatHex) {
  EXPECT_EQ("0", str(Format("{0:x}") << 0));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:x}") << 0x42));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:x}") << 0x42u));
  EXPECT_EQ("-42", str(Format("{0:x}") << -0x42));
  EXPECT_EQ("12345678", str(Format("{0:x}") << 0x12345678));
  EXPECT_EQ("90abcdef", str(Format("{0:x}") << 0x90abcdef));
  EXPECT_EQ("12345678", str(Format("{0:X}") << 0x12345678));
  EXPECT_EQ("90ABCDEF", str(Format("{0:X}") << 0x90ABCDEF));
  char buffer[256];
  sprintf(buffer, "-%x", 0u - INT_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << INT_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%x", INT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << INT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%x", UINT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << UINT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "-%lx", 0ul - LONG_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << LONG_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%lx", LONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << LONG_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%lx", ULONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:x}") << ULONG_MAX));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatOct) {
  EXPECT_EQ("0", str(Format("{0:o}") << 0));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:o}") << 042));
  EXPECT_EQ("42", str(Format("{0:o}") << 042u));
  EXPECT_EQ("-42", str(Format("{0:o}") << -042));
  EXPECT_EQ("12345670", str(Format("{0:o}") << 012345670));
  char buffer[256];
  sprintf(buffer, "-%o", 0u - INT_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << INT_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%o", INT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << INT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%o", UINT_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << UINT_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "-%lo", 0ul - LONG_MIN);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << LONG_MIN));
  sprintf(buffer, "%lo", LONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << LONG_MAX));
  sprintf(buffer, "%lo", ULONG_MAX);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:o}") << ULONG_MAX));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatDouble) {
  CheckUnknownTypes(1.2, "eEfFgG", "double");
  EXPECT_EQ("0", str(Format("{0:}") << 0.0));
  EXPECT_EQ("0.000000", str(Format("{0:f}") << 0.0));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:}") << 392.65));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:g}") << 392.65));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:G}") << 392.65));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.650000", str(Format("{0:f}") << 392.65));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.650000", str(Format("{0:F}") << 392.65));
  char buffer[256];
  sprintf(buffer, "%e", 392.65);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:e}") << 392.65));
  sprintf(buffer, "%E", 392.65);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:E}") << 392.65));
  EXPECT_EQ("+0000392.6", str(Format("{0:+010.4g}") << 392.65));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatLongDouble) {
  EXPECT_EQ("0", str(Format("{0:}") << 0.0l));
  EXPECT_EQ("0.000000", str(Format("{0:f}") << 0.0l));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:}") << 392.65l));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:g}") << 392.65l));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.65", str(Format("{0:G}") << 392.65l));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.650000", str(Format("{0:f}") << 392.65l));
  EXPECT_EQ("392.650000", str(Format("{0:F}") << 392.65l));
  char buffer[256];
  sprintf(buffer, "%Le", 392.65l);
  EXPECT_EQ(buffer, str(Format("{0:e}") << 392.65l));
  sprintf(buffer, "%LE", 392.65l);
  EXPECT_EQ("+0000392.6", str(Format("{0:+010.4g}") << 392.65l));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatChar) {
  CheckUnknownTypes('a', "c", "char");
  EXPECT_EQ("a", str(Format("{0}") << 'a'));
  EXPECT_EQ("z", str(Format("{0:c}") << 'z'));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatCString) {
  CheckUnknownTypes("test", "s", "string");
  EXPECT_EQ("test", str(Format("{0}") << "test"));
  EXPECT_EQ("test", str(Format("{0:s}") << "test"));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatPointer) {
  CheckUnknownTypes(reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x1234), "p", "pointer");
  EXPECT_EQ("0x0", str(Format("{0}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0)));
  EXPECT_EQ("0x1234", str(Format("{0}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x1234)));
  EXPECT_EQ("0x1234", str(Format("{0:p}") << reinterpret_cast<void*>(0x1234)));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatString) {
  EXPECT_EQ("test", str(Format("{0}") << std::string("test")));
}

class Date {
  int year_, month_, day_;
 public:
  Date(int year, int month, int day) : year_(year), month_(month), day_(day) {}

  friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Date &d) {
    os << d.year_ << '-' << d.month_ << '-' << d.day_;
    return os;
  }
};

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatCustom) {
  EXPECT_EQ("a string", str(Format("{0}") << TestString("a string")));
  std::string s = str(fmt::Format("The date is {0}") << Date(2012, 12, 9));
  EXPECT_EQ("The date is 2012-12-9", s);
  Date date(2012, 12, 9);
  CheckUnknownTypes(date, "", "object");
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatStringFromSpeedTest) {
  EXPECT_EQ("1.2340000000:0042:+3.13:str:0x3e8:X:%",
      str(Format("{0:0.10f}:{1:04}:{2:+g}:{3}:{4}:{5}:%")
          << 1.234 << 42 << 3.13 << "str"
          << reinterpret_cast<void*>(1000) << 'X'));
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatterCtor) {
  Formatter format;
  EXPECT_EQ(0u, format.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("", format.data());
  EXPECT_STREQ("", format.c_str());
  EXPECT_EQ("", format.str());
  format("part{0}") << 1;
  format("part{0}") << 2;
  EXPECT_EQ("part1part2", format.str());
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatterAppend) {
  Formatter format;
  format("part{0}") << 1;
  EXPECT_EQ(strlen("part1"), format.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("part1", format.c_str());
  EXPECT_STREQ("part1", format.data());
  EXPECT_EQ("part1", format.str());
  format("part{0}") << 2;
  EXPECT_EQ(strlen("part1part2"), format.size());
  EXPECT_STREQ("part1part2", format.c_str());
  EXPECT_STREQ("part1part2", format.data());
  EXPECT_EQ("part1part2", format.str());
}

TEST(FormatterTest, FormatterExamples) {
  Formatter format;
  format("Current point:\n");
  format("({0:+f}, {1:+f})\n") << -3.14 << 3.14;
  EXPECT_EQ("Current point:\n(-3.140000, +3.140000)\n", format.str());

  {
    fmt::Formatter format;
    for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
      format("{0}") << i;
    std::string s = format.str(); // s == 0123456789
    EXPECT_EQ("0123456789", s);
  }
}

TEST(FormatterTest, ArgInserter) {
  Formatter format;
  EXPECT_EQ("1", str(format("{0}") << 1));
  EXPECT_STREQ("12", c_str(format("{0}") << 2));
}

struct CountCalls {
  int &num_calls;

  CountCalls(int &num_calls) : num_calls(num_calls) {}

  void operator()(const Formatter &) const {
    ++num_calls;
  }
};

TEST(ActiveFormatterTest, Action) {
  int num_calls = 0;
  {
    fmt::ActiveFormatter<CountCalls> af("test", CountCalls(num_calls));
    EXPECT_EQ(0, num_calls);
  }
  EXPECT_EQ(1, num_calls);
}

TEST(ActiveFormatterTest, ActionNotCalledOnError) {
  int num_calls = 0;
  {
    EXPECT_THROW(
        fmt::ActiveFormatter<CountCalls> af("{0", CountCalls(num_calls)),
        FormatError);
  }
  EXPECT_EQ(0, num_calls);
}

// The test doesn't compile on older compilers which follow C++03 and
// require an accessible copy constructor when binding a temporary to
// a const reference.
#if __GNUC__ >= 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7
TEST(ActiveFormatterTest, ArgLifetime) {
  // The following code is for testing purposes only. It is a definite abuse
  // of the API and shouldn't be used in real applications.
  const fmt::ActiveFormatter<fmt::Ignore> &af = fmt::Format("{0}");
  const_cast<fmt::ActiveFormatter<fmt::Ignore>&>(af) << std::string("test");
  // String object passed as an argument to ActiveFormatter has
  // been destroyed, but ArgInserter destructor hasn't been called yet.
  // But that's OK since the Arg's destructor takes care of this and
  // calls Format.
}
#endif

struct PrintError {
  void operator()(const fmt::Formatter &f) const {
    std::cerr << "Error: " << f.str() << std::endl;
  }
};

fmt::ActiveFormatter<PrintError> ReportError(const char *format) {
  return fmt::ActiveFormatter<PrintError>(format);
}

TEST(ActiveFormatterTest, Example) {
  std::string path = "somefile";
  ReportError("File not found: {0}") << path;
}